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CFD & Thermal Modelling

Visualise Airflow.
Validate Performance.
De-Risk Design.

ppa uses industry-leading Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and dynamic thermal modelling to validate designs before construction begins. Our simulation-led approach allows clients to optimise cooling strategies, eliminate thermal hotspots, and achieve maximum energy efficiency across data centres and complex built environments. 

CFD & Thermal Modelling Overview

We undertake CFD analysis using Cadence Reality DC software, producing detailed three-dimensional airflow and temperature models that reveal how a facility will perform under real operating conditions. This allows our engineers to refine cooling layouts, identify risks, and demonstrate compliance with design intent prior to construction. 

Dynamic thermal modelling using IES and Amtech software enables us to assess building energy performance, overheating risk, and Part L compliance for commercial and residential projects. Our models are calibrated against actual building parameters to ensure accurate and defensible results. 

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Scope of Service

  • 3D CFD airflow and temperature simulation for data centres and server rooms/data halls 

  • Dynamic thermal modelling for energy performance and overheating assessments 

  • Cooling system optimisation and hot/cold aisle containment analysis 

  • Part L compliance modelling and SAP/SBEM calculations 

  • Thermal risk assessment and design validation reporting 

Data Centre CFD Analysis 

  • 3D computational fluid dynamics modelling using Cadence Reality DC.

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Internal CFD Studies include:

  • Hot and cold aisle containment analysis and optimisation 

  • Raised floor and overhead cooling distribution modelling 

  • Server inlet temperature and recirculation zone identification 

  • Cooling capacity validation

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External CFD Studies include: 

  • Plant gantry layout analysis and optimisation 

  • Heat rejection plant inlet temperature identification 

  • Back-up electrical generation plant inlet temperature identification 

  • Cooling capacity validation and PUE improvement analysis 

Dynamic Thermal Modelling 

  • Dynamic simulation modelling (DSM) using IES and Amtech software 

  • Overheating risk assessment in compliance with CIBSE TM52 and TM59 

  • Heating and cooling load calculations under multiple climate scenarios 

  • Natural and mechanical ventilation strategy evaluation 

  • Energy use intensity (EUI) benchmarking and reporting 

Reporting & Validation

  • Design validation reports suitable for planning and building control submission 

  • Part L compliance documentation (SBEM/SAP calculations) 

  • Pre- and post-design comparison analysis to demonstrate improvement 

  • Sensitivity analysis for different occupancy and climate scenarios 

  • Visualisation outputs, including airflow animations for client presentation 

Design Process

Concept & Feasibility

Definition of simulation scope, boundary conditions, and performance criteria. Review of architectural and MEP design inputs to build accurate model geometry. 

Schematic Design

Initial simulation runs to identify thermal risks and cooling strategy options. Results shared with design team to inform system selection. 

Detailed Design

Refined simulations based on confirmed design parameters. Detailed reporting and compliance documentation produced. 

IFC Documentation

Final validated model and formal report issued as part of the IFC package, suitable for planning, building control, and client handover records. 

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